Patna, the capital city of Bihar, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. Situated on the southern banks of the river Ganga, it has been a seat of power, learning, and culture for millennia. Once known as Pataliputra, it was the center of the Mauryan, Gupta, and Pala empires.
Today, Patna is a vibrant blend of history and modernity, offering visitors a unique experience of ancient monuments, bustling markets, and a diverse culinary scene. Its strategic location and railway/road connections make it the gateway to eastern India and the Buddhist circuit.
Patna is known for its educational institutions, spiritual centers, political activity, and a multicultural population that celebrates festivals with great enthusiasm.
Located at 25.61°N 85.14°E on the banks of the Ganga. Covers ~3,202 sq km including metropolitan and rural areas.
Population: 5+ million (metro, 2011 census). Major languages: Hindi, Urdu, Magahi. High literacy, educational & political hub.
Once Pataliputra—capital of Mauryan, Gupta, Pala dynasties. Associated with Chanakya, Ashoka, Buddha, and Guru Gobind Singh.
Tip: October to March is best to visit Patna for sightseeing and major festivals.
Historic museum featuring ancient Mauryan, Gupta, and Buddhist artifacts, paintings, and fossils.
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One of the five holiest Sikh shrines, birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh. A major pilgrimage site.
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Popular zoo and botanical garden, perfect for families, kids, and nature lovers.
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Main shopping destination for clothes, electronics, books, and street food.
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Patna’s diverse population celebrates festivals such as Chhath, Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Holi, and Guru Purab with grand processions and lights.
The city is a hub for classical and folk music, drama, and art. Mithila and Magahi art forms, traditional crafts, and delicious cuisine are an integral part of Patna’s cultural identity.
Important fairs: Patna Book Fair, Sonepur Cattle Fair (nearby), and regular exhibitions in Gandhi Maidan.
Shop in Patna’s vibrant bazaars—from ethnic clothes to electronics, handicrafts, books, and street eats!
Traditional Bihari delicacy—roasted wheat balls stuffed with sattu, served with spicy mashed veggies.
Crisp, layered sweet made from flour and sugar syrup. Popular at fairs and during Chhath.
Freshwater fish from the Ganga cooked in mustard oil and spices. A local favorite!
Sweet snack made with wheat, jaggery, and ghee, a must during Chhath Puja.
Nutritious flatbread filled with roasted gram flour and spices.
Cooling drink made from roasted gram flour, lemon, and water—great for Patna’s summer heat!
October to March—ideal for exploring heritage, festivals, and comfortable weather.
Summers are hot; Chhath Puja and Guru Purab attract huge crowds in October-November.
Options include:
Book in advance during festivals and events.
Patna’s vibrant calendar features religious, cultural, and modern events throughout the year.
| Festival | Month | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Chhath Puja | October / November | Ghats illuminated, grand sunrise/sunset rituals |
| Holi | March | Color-splash, sweets, street celebrations |
| Diwali | October / November | Lamp-lighting, fireworks, shopping fairs |
| Guru Purab | November / December | Major celebrations at Patna Sahib Gurudwara |
| Eid-ul-Fitr | Varies (Islamic Calendar) | Special prayers, community feasts, bazaars |
Mahabodhi Temple—Buddha’s enlightenment site, UNESCO World Heritage, 110 km from Patna.
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